Plates Kenny Lienhard
Plates

Plate 39 of 52

Tonga

Kenny Lienhard, Plates, 2026

Owner: kenny83.eth

Palette
Rhyolite
Structure
Fold train
Drift
11.1 cm a year, east
Era
Low seas
253,621 km², a micro plate

How it is made

Finished

The Plate in detail

Tonga, seed 39

Plate 39 of 52 · one of one

Traits

Palette
Rhyolite
Structure
Fold train
Event
None
Faults
None
Scale
Standard
Hang
Level
Accent
Single
Era
Low seas
Heading
East, 100.6°
Speed
11.15 cm a year

History

The past. With the sea about 120 metres lower, about 5,400 square kilometres of Tonga’s reef platforms were dry land, where the plate has about 700 today: the reefs of Ha’apai made two limestone islands of about 2,200 and 1,250 square kilometres, around Nomuka and around Lifuka, and Tongatapu and Vava’u were five to eight times their present size. The land was already dry when the timeline begins; the rising sea drowned most of it between 15,386 and 8,266 years ago. The lavender line turns a little toward the colour of land, all at once, and only across those spans.

5.5 million years ago
The Lau Basin began to open behind the Tonga arc.

Sources: Lambeck et al. 2014, PNAS 111:15296; Dickinson and Burley 2007, Geoarchaeology 22:229; Ryan et al. 2009, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10:Q03014 · Ruellan et al. 2003, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 4

Onchain

The file

94,635bytes, the whole work
74,112bytes of code that draws it
4,595bytes of its record, plain text
0network requests

One HTML file, to be etched to Ethereum in full: the code that draws the work (151,144 bytes before compression), this plate’s settings and its record. Nothing is fetched from anywhere else. It reads your clock and slides the view to where the plate is today.

engine sha256 a7fbc03acc0fc9ba343881bb88ddaf2b7564564d8bc9cbed16e75e47e01fb3f2

The record inside it

The plate
Tonga, a micro plate in Bird’s PB2002 model: 253,621 km², 100% ocean
Its motion
A pole at 25.79°N 4.26°E turning 8.969° per million years; at its centre 11.1 cm a year, heading east
What covers it
slope and ridge 67%, deep ocean 22%, ocean trench 8%, shelf sea 3%, and four more
Its past
Low seas, between 30,100 and 8,266 years ago, with its account and source
Deep history
One dated events, the oldest 5.5 million years ago, each with its source
Its outline
99 points, to a hundredth of a degree
Licence
CC0 1.0, no rights reserved

Read the record

Sources

  • The plate, its outline and its motionBird, P. (2003). An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4(3), 1027.
  • What covers it, which chose the paletteESA CCI Land Cover and Water Bodies, ETOPO 2022, Köppen-Geiger climate maps, NSIDC Sea Ice Index.

The work

Live

One HTML file that drifts with your clock, a few centimetres a year.