{
 "about": "The record of this Plate: the facts it is drawn from, kept inside the work. Plain JSON; the artwork does not read it. CC0 1.0, no rights reserved.",
 "work": {"title": "Scotia", "series": "Plates", "artist": "Kenny Lienhard", "year": 2026, "plate": "19 of 52", "palette": "lapis"},
 "plate": {"name": "Scotia", "code": "SC", "model": "PB2002 (Bird 2003)", "class": "minor", "area_km2": 1700717, "centroid_lat_lon": [-57.29, -50.421], "ocean_share": 0.9762, "land_share": 0.0238},
 "motion": {"frame": "no-net-rotation", "euler_pole_lat_lon": [-31.2148, -99.5593], "rotation_deg_per_million_years": 0.1748, "speed_mm_per_year_at_centroid": 13.11, "heading_deg_at_centroid": 16.4, "speed_range_mm_per_year": [8.77, 15.8], "the_artwork_drifts": "13.11 mm a year along its cut, one frame of rock every 24288 years"},
 "cover": {"deep ocean": 0.6387, "slope and ridge": 0.2742, "shelf sea": 0.0616, "boreal forest": 0.0144, "tundra": 0.0049, "ice": 0.0025, "lakes and rivers": 0.0019, "ocean trench": 0.0018},
 "palette_from": ["deep ocean", "ocean", "shallow sea"],
 "era": null,
 "past": {"account": "The past. At the ice age peak, sea ice covered almost three quarters of the plate’s sea every winter, at least five degrees further north than today, and it drew back between about 17,000 and 10,000 years ago. The Patagonian ice sheet buried most of the plate’s land in Tierra del Fuego and reached out over its shelf, while the sea stood more than 100 metres lower.", "source": "Lhardy et al. 2021, Climate of the Past 17:1139; Allen et al. 2011, Quaternary Science Reviews 30:2446; Collins et al. 2012, Paleoceanography 27; Crosta et al. 2022, Climate of the Past 18:1729; Khoo et al. 2025, Climate of the Past 21:299; Davies et al. 2020, Earth-Science Reviews 204:103152; Lambeck et al. 2014, PNAS 111:15296"},
 "history": [{"years_ago": 50000000, "range_years_ago": [50000000, 30000000], "what": "Small ocean basins began to open as South America and Antarctica pulled apart, the start of the Scotia Sea.", "source": "Eagles and Jokat 2014, Tectonophysics 611:28, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.021; Livermore et al. 2005, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236:459, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.027"}, {"years_ago": 30000000, "range_years_ago": [31500000, 28500000], "what": "Seafloor spreading began on the West Scotia Ridge.", "source": "Eagles and Jokat 2014, Tectonophysics 611:28, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.021"}, {"years_ago": 15000000, "range_years_ago": [15750000, 14250000], "what": "Back-arc spreading was under way on this plate's eastern edge, behind the South Sandwich arc.", "source": "Larter et al. 2003, Geological Society London Special Publications 219:255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.219.01.13"}, {"years_ago": 6000000, "range_years_ago": [6300000, 5700000], "what": "The West Scotia Ridge stopped spreading.", "source": "Eagles and Jokat 2014, Tectonophysics 611:28, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.021"}],
 "outline_lon_lat": [[[-72.08, -53.72], [-73.01, -53.31], [-74.04, -52.91], [-75.0, -52.56], [-75.74, -52.31], [-76.48, -52.07], [-76.31, -52.93], [-76.02, -53.44], [-75.72, -53.94], [-75.24, -54.29], [-74.75, -54.65], [-74.12, -55.0], [-73.48, -55.36], [-73.0, -55.67], [-72.28, -55.96], [-71.55, -56.26], [-70.4, -56.62], [-69.26, -56.85], [-68.1, -57.07], [-67.1, -57.5], [-65.87, -57.74], [-64.62, -57.96], [-63.57, -58.36], [-62.57, -58.6], [-61.04, -59.01], [-59.7, -59.45], [-58.97, -59.73], [-58.22, -60.0], [-56.92, -60.56], [-56.27, -60.74], [-55.81, -60.7], [-55.07, -60.76], [-54.31, -60.98], [-54.3, -61.51], [-53.12, -61.04], [-52.07, -60.75], [-51.12, -60.57], [-50.89, -60.09], [-49.6, -60.04], [-48.25, -59.97], [-46.96, -59.96], [-45.6, -60.09], [-44.23, -60.24], [-43.15, -60.38], [-42.07, -60.5], [-41.21, -60.98], [-39.83, -60.63], [-39.09, -61.02], [-37.56, -61.24], [-36.42, -61.39], [-34.83, -60.99], [-33.45, -60.7], [-32.37, -60.41], [-31.01, -60.51], [-29.74, -60.58], [-28.74, -60.6], [-27.7, -60.62], [-27.7, -60.47], [-28.68, -60.46], [-29.6, -60.43], [-29.88, -60.17], [-30.03, -59.94], [-30.11, -59.52], [-29.55, -59.51], [-29.56, -58.82], [-29.95, -58.81], [-30.01, -58.27], [-29.84, -58.26], [-29.85, -57.6], [-30.07, -57.6], [-30.13, -57.1], [-30.38, -57.09], [-30.47, -56.85], [-30.74, -56.86], [-30.74, -56.57], [-30.73, -56.51], [-30.72, -56.45], [-30.38, -56.44], [-30.33, -56.29], [-30.33, -56.13], [-30.33, -56.05], [-30.33, -55.95], [-30.33, -55.86], [-30.32, -55.75], [-29.82, -55.68], [-29.77, -55.6], [-29.79, -55.5], [-29.81, -55.33], [-29.71, -55.2], [-29.49, -55.03], [-30.91, -54.82], [-32.37, -54.59], [-33.73, -54.46], [-33.36, -54.86], [-33.06, -55.46], [-33.69, -55.6], [-34.59, -55.73], [-36.11, -55.64], [-36.85, -55.21], [-37.81, -55.09], [-38.71, -54.85], [-39.71, -54.63], [-40.66, -54.4], [-41.6, -54.15], [-42.41, -53.88], [-43.21, -53.6], [-44.21, -53.27], [-45.19, -52.93], [-46.41, -52.83], [-47.66, -52.69], [-49.16, -52.66], [-50.67, -52.71], [-52.18, -52.87], [-53.38, -53.21], [-54.74, -53.41], [-55.6, -53.53], [-56.46, -53.65], [-57.75, -53.63], [-59.25, -53.6], [-60.53, -53.67], [-61.93, -53.81], [-62.82, -53.92], [-63.71, -54.02], [-64.79, -54.17], [-65.87, -54.32], [-67.4, -54.39], [-68.99, -54.43], [-69.87, -54.23], [-70.51, -54.1], [-71.29, -53.92], [-72.08, -53.72]]],
 "sources": ["Plate outlines and motion: Bird, P. (2003). An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/2001GC000252. No-net-rotation frame computed from PB2002 alone.", "What covers each plate: ESA CCI Land Cover and Water Bodies, NOAA ETOPO 2022, Koppen-Geiger climate maps, NSIDC Sea Ice Index, on a 1 arc-minute grid."],
 "engine_sha256": "a7fbc03acc0fc9ba343881bb88ddaf2b7564564d8bc9cbed16e75e47e01fb3f2"
}