{
 "about": "The record of this Plate: the facts it is drawn from, kept inside the work. Plain JSON; the artwork does not read it. CC0 1.0, no rights reserved.",
 "work": {"title": "North Andes", "series": "Plates", "artist": "Kenny Lienhard", "year": 2026, "plate": "21 of 52", "palette": "rhyolite"},
 "plate": {"name": "North Andes", "code": "ND", "model": "PB2002 (Bird 2003)", "class": "micro", "area_km2": 971802, "centroid_lat_lon": [6.331, -75.243], "ocean_share": 0.283, "land_share": 0.717},
 "motion": {"frame": "no-net-rotation", "euler_pole_lat_lon": [9.1123, -133.8194], "rotation_deg_per_million_years": 0.12066, "speed_mm_per_year_at_centroid": 11.38, "heading_deg_at_centroid": 6.8, "speed_range_mm_per_year": [10.74, 12.14], "the_artwork_drifts": "11.38 mm a year along its cut, one frame of rock every 24914 years"},
 "cover": {"rainforest": 0.2721, "slope and ridge": 0.1487, "grassland": 0.1407, "cropland": 0.1388, "shelf sea": 0.1106, "forest": 0.0976, "deep ocean": 0.0237, "tundra": 0.0221, "desert": 0.0142, "boreal forest": 0.0117, "lakes and rivers": 0.0091, "wetland": 0.006, "towns": 0.0045, "bare rock": 0.0003, "ice": 0.0001},
 "palette_from": ["jungle", "grassland", "farmland"],
 "era": {"name": "Ice age Andes", "what": "Low seas, grass and ice on the Andes", "arrives_years_before_2026": [30100, 30000], "leaves_years_before_2026": [15955, 7654], "account": "The past. The ice age: with the sea more than 100 metres lower, more than 80,000 square kilometres of today’s shallow seas were dry land, nearly a third of the plate’s sea, the whole Gulf of Venezuela among them. On the mountains the forest stopped about 1,500 metres lower than today, near 2,000 metres, with open páramo grassland above it and glaciers on the highest peaks. Both were there when the timeline begins; the sea drowned the shelf and the forest climbed back between 15,955 and 7,654 years ago. The line that stands for the sea turns to the colour of land and the pale beds turn toward grass, all at once, and only across those spans.", "source": "Lambeck et al. 2014, PNAS 111:15296; Peltier et al. 2015, Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth 120:450; Groot et al. 2011, Climate of the Past 7:299; Flantua et al. 2019, Journal of Biogeography 46:1808; van der Hammen and Hooghiemstra 1995, Quaternary Science Reviews 14:841"},
 "history": [{"years_ago": 24000000, "range_years_ago": [25000000, 23000000], "what": "The Panama arc began to collide with the northwest corner of South America.", "source": "Farris et al. 2011, Geology 39:1007, doi:10.1130/G32237.1"}, {"years_ago": 15000000, "range_years_ago": [15750000, 14250000], "what": "This block began to slip northeast along the Andes, pushed by the slanting approach of the Nazca plate.", "source": "Alvarado et al. 2016, Tectonics 35:1048, doi:10.1002/2016TC004117"}],
 "outline_lon_lat": [[[-78.05, 6.05], [-78.01, 6.0], [-77.91, 5.51], [-78.08, 4.83], [-78.34, 4.07], [-78.66, 3.39], [-79.16, 2.78], [-79.79, 2.07], [-80.29, 1.55], [-80.57, 1.05], [-80.89, 0.43], [-81.23, -0.28], [-81.41, -1.1], [-81.6, -1.81], [-81.53, -2.44], [-81.65, -3.0], [-81.6, -3.24], [-81.3, -3.27], [-80.98, -3.26], [-80.57, -3.07], [-80.21, -2.88], [-79.8, -2.64], [-79.5, -2.47], [-79.23, -2.28], [-78.93, -1.99], [-78.67, -1.42], [-78.44, -0.75], [-78.19, -0.23], [-78.01, 0.15], [-77.71, 0.59], [-77.33, 0.9], [-76.92, 1.1], [-76.57, 1.28], [-76.25, 1.51], [-75.99, 1.62], [-75.77, 1.93], [-75.43, 2.28], [-75.21, 2.5], [-74.88, 2.79], [-74.59, 3.02], [-74.35, 3.29], [-74.1, 3.42], [-73.93, 3.56], [-73.81, 3.82], [-73.78, 3.98], [-73.59, 4.17], [-73.33, 4.31], [-73.13, 4.41], [-72.92, 4.74], [-72.77, 4.94], [-72.63, 5.12], [-72.35, 5.26], [-72.2, 5.54], [-72.15, 5.79], [-72.08, 6.05], [-71.92, 6.26], [-71.9, 6.46], [-71.89, 6.68], [-72.05, 7.03], [-72.07, 7.2], [-72.06, 7.32], [-72.36, 7.57], [-72.44, 7.7], [-72.25, 7.82], [-72.09, 7.9], [-71.91, 8.1], [-71.79, 8.2], [-71.7, 8.34], [-71.46, 8.45], [-71.21, 8.57], [-71.08, 8.66], [-70.93, 8.81], [-70.73, 8.88], [-70.51, 9.01], [-70.36, 9.14], [-70.08, 9.39], [-69.87, 9.58], [-69.7, 9.8], [-69.51, 9.98], [-69.3, 10.12], [-69.14, 10.2], [-68.98, 10.3], [-68.67, 10.46], [-68.51, 10.5], [-68.35, 10.54], [-68.13, 10.51], [-67.96, 10.5], [-68.09, 10.81], [-68.38, 11.17], [-68.73, 11.51], [-69.02, 11.84], [-69.35, 12.18], [-69.59, 12.45], [-69.86, 12.67], [-70.18, 12.93], [-70.5, 13.16], [-70.66, 13.31], [-70.95, 13.44], [-71.19, 13.5], [-71.84, 13.46], [-72.43, 13.41], [-72.92, 13.37], [-73.3, 13.29], [-73.63, 13.06], [-73.87, 12.74], [-74.06, 12.39], [-74.31, 12.22], [-74.48, 12.02], [-74.8, 11.91], [-75.12, 11.76], [-75.37, 11.59], [-75.63, 11.39], [-75.91, 11.09], [-76.06, 10.77], [-76.27, 10.57], [-76.46, 10.33], [-76.59, 10.09], [-76.7, 9.76], [-76.71, 9.38], [-76.7, 9.02], [-76.68, 8.73], [-76.91, 8.44], [-77.15, 8.19], [-77.33, 8.1], [-77.53, 8.01], [-77.71, 7.83], [-78.01, 7.64], [-78.23, 7.51], [-78.65, 7.34], [-78.71, 7.23], [-78.76, 7.1], [-78.75, 7.03], [-78.7, 7.0], [-78.6, 6.94], [-78.54, 6.85], [-78.44, 6.76], [-78.4, 6.66], [-78.34, 6.56], [-78.27, 6.5], [-78.19, 6.46], [-78.15, 6.34], [-78.13, 6.24], [-78.09, 6.12], [-78.05, 6.05]]],
 "sources": ["Plate outlines and motion: Bird, P. (2003). An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/2001GC000252. No-net-rotation frame computed from PB2002 alone.", "What covers each plate: ESA CCI Land Cover and Water Bodies, NOAA ETOPO 2022, Koppen-Geiger climate maps, NSIDC Sea Ice Index, on a 1 arc-minute grid."],
 "engine_sha256": "a7fbc03acc0fc9ba343881bb88ddaf2b7564564d8bc9cbed16e75e47e01fb3f2"
}