{
 "about": "The record of this Plate: the facts it is drawn from, kept inside the work. Plain JSON; the artwork does not read it. CC0 1.0, no rights reserved.",
 "work": {"title": "Arabia", "series": "Plates", "artist": "Kenny Lienhard", "year": 2026, "plate": "14 of 52", "palette": "jasper"},
 "plate": {"name": "Arabia", "code": "AR", "model": "PB2002 (Bird 2003)", "class": "minor", "area_km2": 4904218, "centroid_lat_lon": [23.682, 47.058], "ocean_share": 0.2474, "land_share": 0.7526},
 "motion": {"frame": "no-net-rotation", "euler_pole_lat_lon": [46.2777, -6.0675], "rotation_deg_per_million_years": 0.58522, "speed_mm_per_year_at_centroid": 48.3, "heading_deg_at_centroid": 41.9, "speed_range_mm_per_year": [35.16, 57.68], "the_artwork_drifts": "48.3 mm a year along its cut, one frame of rock every 16073 years"},
 "cover": {"desert": 0.6797, "slope and ridge": 0.0989, "shelf sea": 0.0903, "deep ocean": 0.0583, "cropland": 0.0516, "bare rock": 0.0069, "grassland": 0.0062, "towns": 0.0028, "forest": 0.0025, "lakes and rivers": 0.0022, "wetland": 0.0005, "tundra": 0.0002},
 "palette_from": ["desert", "ocean", "farmland"],
 "era": {"name": "Green Arabia", "what": "Monsoon rains, grass and lakes", "arrives_years_before_2026": [10676, 9276], "leaves_years_before_2026": [6376, 5376], "account": "The past. Green Arabia: the summer monsoon rains moved north over Arabia 10,676 to 9,276 years ago. Grass and scattered trees spread over parts of the desert, and lakes filled dune fields and desert basins, from the Emirates to Tayma and Jubbah in the north. The monsoon left northern Oman within a few decades 6,376 years ago, and by 5,376 years ago the plants had thinned and the dunes had moved again. Earlier, at the ice age peak, the sea stood about 120 metres lower and the whole Gulf was dry land; the sea flooded it between about 14,000 and 7,000 years ago. Only the desert beds change colour, all at once, and only inside those windows.", "source": "Fleitmann and Matter 2009, Comptes Rendus Geoscience 341:633; Fleitmann et al. 2022, Geophysical Research Letters 49:e2021GL097255; Preston et al. 2015, Quaternary International 382:277; Parker et al. 2006, Quaternary Research 66:465; Petraglia et al. 2020, PNAS 117:8263; Lokier et al. 2015, Quaternary Research 84:69"},
 "history": [{"years_ago": 850000000, "range_years_ago": [850000000, 550000000], "what": "Volcanic arcs formed and welded together over about 300 million years, building much of this plate's continental crust.", "source": "Stern and Johnson 2010, Earth-Science Reviews 101:29, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.01.002"}, {"years_ago": 31000000, "range_years_ago": [31000000, 23800000], "what": "A mantle plume erupted flood lavas, and rifts began to tear Arabia away from Africa.", "source": "Bosworth, Huchon and McClay 2005, Journal of African Earth Sciences 43:334, doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.020; Stern and Johnson 2010, Earth-Science Reviews 101:29, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.01.002"}, {"years_ago": 27500000, "range_years_ago": [35000000, 20000000], "what": "Arabia began to collide with Eurasia, raising the Zagros mountains.", "source": "McQuarrie and van Hinsbergen 2013, Geology 41:315, doi:10.1130/G33591.1"}, {"years_ago": 19650000, "range_years_ago": [20800000, 18500000], "what": "The Dead Sea Transform, a great sideways fault, began to form on this plate's western edge.", "source": "Nuriel et al. 2017, Geology 45:587, doi:10.1130/G38903.1"}, {"years_ago": 10676, "range_years_ago": [10676, 9276], "what": "Summer monsoon rains moved north over southern Arabia, bringing a much wetter climate.", "source": "Fleitmann et al. 2007, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:170, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.012"}, {"years_ago": 6376, "range_years_ago": [6695, 6057], "what": "The summer monsoon rain belt retreated south and Arabia began to turn drier.", "source": "Fleitmann et al. 2007, Quaternary Science Reviews 26:170, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.04.012"}],
 "outline_lon_lat": [[[62.5, 22.39], [64.28, 23.69], [65.03, 24.38], [64.16, 24.35], [63.37, 24.29], [62.58, 24.28], [61.96, 24.09], [61.36, 24.12], [59.6, 24.31], [57.83, 24.44], [57.35, 24.79], [57.12, 25.55], [56.88, 27.3], [56.42, 27.37], [55.66, 26.95], [54.73, 26.67], [53.86, 26.72], [51.91, 27.96], [51.28, 28.49], [51.0, 29.07], [51.06, 29.58], [50.45, 30.1], [49.49, 30.8], [49.04, 31.62], [48.49, 32.24], [48.17, 32.31], [47.77, 32.31], [47.41, 32.45], [46.61, 32.89], [45.92, 33.39], [45.51, 33.89], [45.0, 34.59], [44.67, 35.46], [44.36, 36.57], [44.02, 37.1], [43.65, 37.41], [43.18, 37.69], [42.8, 37.99], [42.29, 38.21], [41.84, 38.36], [41.24, 38.62], [41.03, 38.85], [41.0, 39.08], [40.62, 38.86], [40.16, 38.77], [38.86, 38.31], [38.04, 37.99], [37.68, 37.83], [37.08, 37.51], [36.79, 37.4], [36.47, 36.73], [36.39, 36.26], [36.43, 35.75], [36.32, 34.48], [35.73, 33.71], [35.47, 32.0], [34.95, 30.0], [34.26, 27.89], [34.55, 27.26], [35.2, 26.35], [35.89, 25.48], [36.24, 24.63], [36.57, 23.64], [37.04, 23.23], [37.54, 22.49], [37.83, 21.84], [38.07, 20.39], [38.4, 19.91], [38.83, 19.45], [39.3, 19.03], [39.59, 18.42], [39.99, 17.95], [40.33, 17.27], [40.17, 16.3], [39.67, 15.77], [39.78, 15.14], [40.61, 13.74], [40.09, 13.21], [40.51, 12.6], [41.21, 11.81], [41.65, 12.19], [42.03, 11.58], [43.65, 12.01], [44.78, 12.02], [45.28, 12.0], [45.33, 12.05], [45.52, 11.98], [45.6, 12.07], [45.64, 12.16], [46.11, 12.06], [46.2, 12.17], [46.43, 12.09], [46.58, 12.29], [46.85, 12.21], [46.99, 12.4], [47.13, 12.36], [47.16, 12.46], [47.54, 12.37], [47.65, 12.52], [47.9, 12.46], [48.05, 12.67], [48.35, 12.57], [48.45, 12.73], [48.7, 12.66], [48.8, 12.77], [48.88, 12.91], [49.28, 12.8], [49.43, 13.04], [49.47, 13.01], [49.68, 13.31], [50.17, 13.12], [50.31, 13.31], [50.57, 13.22], [50.66, 13.36], [51.25, 13.12], [52.14, 14.69], [52.67, 14.56], [52.74, 14.68], [53.12, 14.56], [53.21, 14.54], [53.22, 14.56], [53.86, 14.35], [54.07, 14.77], [54.45, 14.62], [54.55, 14.87], [55.05, 14.71], [55.11, 14.85], [55.63, 14.68], [55.67, 14.72], [56.18, 14.62], [56.21, 14.64], [56.27, 14.62], [57.48, 14.66], [57.98, 14.6], [58.21, 14.92], [58.59, 14.65], [59.03, 15.09], [59.41, 14.9], [59.64, 15.24], [59.91, 15.57], [60.02, 16.71], [60.06, 17.46], [60.21, 18.24], [60.46, 18.8], [60.97, 19.81], [61.49, 20.64], [62.1, 21.42], [62.13, 22.08], [62.5, 22.39]]],
 "sources": ["Plate outlines and motion: Bird, P. (2003). An updated digital model of plate boundaries. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 4(3), 1027, doi:10.1029/2001GC000252. No-net-rotation frame computed from PB2002 alone.", "What covers each plate: ESA CCI Land Cover and Water Bodies, NOAA ETOPO 2022, Koppen-Geiger climate maps, NSIDC Sea Ice Index, on a 1 arc-minute grid."],
 "engine_sha256": "a7fbc03acc0fc9ba343881bb88ddaf2b7564564d8bc9cbed16e75e47e01fb3f2"
}